Environmental hw Essay Example

Environmental hw Paper After fossil fuels are created and depleted, they cannot be replaced in our civilization. This extremely long process takes thousands of years and if we were to replenish the depleted fossil fuels it would take millions of years. 2) How are fossil fuels formed? How do environmental conditions determine what type Of fossil fuel is formed in a given location? Why are fossil fuels often concentrated in localized deposits? Fossil fuels form by preserving the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. This organic matter then undergoes a slow process of anaerobic decomposition under sediments which form kerosene. After this, geothermal heating and pressure take action to change kerosene to create crude oil and thermometric natural gas. As a result crude oil and gas rest in porous rock layers. Lastly, coal is formed when plant matter is compacted very tightly that there is little decomposed. Environmental conditions determine what type of fossil fuel is formed in a given location by studying the chemical composition of the starting material, checking the temperatures and pressures of the material, any presence or absence of anaerobic decomposer, and how much time it takes. Fossil fuels are concentrated in localized deposits due to the uneven distribution on earths surface because some parts of the world contain more fossil fuels than others. The duration of a nations fossil fuel depends on extraction, consumption, and imports/exports to other nations. 4) Describe how coal is used to generate electricity. In a coal- fired power plant, electricity is generated by combustion coal to convert water to steam and leads to turbine. First, the coal is crushed and blown inside a high temperature furnace. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental hw specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental hw specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental hw specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heat from combustion boils the water and the steam forms into turbine to turn the generator. This generates electricity by passing magnets through copper coils. Thereafter, steam is cooled and compressed in a circling loop and returns to the furnace. 5) How have geologists estimated the total amount of oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuges 1 002 Areas? How does this amount differ from the technically recoverable and economically recoverable amounts of oil? Geologists use seismic waves to survey the estimated underground geologic conditions at a site. By using techniques Of ground, air, and seismic graphs they show measurements that can infer the volume of the underground reserve. At Onwards 1002 Area, the total reserves are estimated between 1 1. 6 and 31. 5 billion barrels. The technically recoverable fraction of that total is between 4. 3 and 1 1. 8 billion barrels. The economically recoverable fraction varies with the price per barrel of the oil. At $30 per barrel it would be 3. 0 to 10. 4 billion barrels. 6) How do we create petroleum products? Provide examples of several of these products. Crude oil is a mix of hydrocarbons, so e can create petroleum products by separating its components. At the start of this process, crude oil is boiled or cooled, generating hydrocarbon components to evaporate and rise through a distillation column. Higher oils are separated from lower oils. As a result the refinement process produces an area of petroleum products such as diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, and other products. Some examples of these petroleum products are a toothbrush, shower curtains, cosmetics, and detergent which are products that are pretty common to us. 7) What is meant by peak oil? Why do many experts think we are about to pass the global production peak for oil? What consequences could there be for our society if we do not shift soon to renewable energy sources? Peak oil refers to when the rate of production of oil will reach its highest rate and decline gradually. If our production declines after the peak Of oil and demand continues to increase, scientists say we will fall into an oil shortage. Many experts think we are about to pass the production peak for oil since Hubert peak was proved to be accurate, every since 1970, U. S oil reduction peaked and has continued to decline ever since. Factors of this problem were the discoveries of new oil fields that peaked 30 years ago, but we still continue extract and consume more oil than we have been finding. In addition depending on year to year use for production, would make us unable to realize that we have pasted the peak of oil production until four years after, so we wouldnt even known if we passed the peak or not. For example many oil companies and government are untrustworthy about the amount of oil reserves there are, and the estimated difference on how much e can extract based on how much oil there is. Also, a U. S geological survey report shows that there are about 2 trillion barrels of oil left in the world and not 1 trillion. Developed countries such as the U. S continue to use this limited supply of oil because their demand is increasing rather than a developing country where they are beginning to industrialized. One thing is for sure, if the peak of oil does come about, it would affect the lives of everyone in the world, negatively. Cheap oil would be used to transport goods over long distances, he worlds economy would fall, and economies would become very limited. Urge cities such as New York City would no longer be supported by agriculture and without petroleum based fertilizers; we wouldnt be able to feed the world. Suburbs would turn into slums and crime rates would rise. The abuse of demand and supply of oil would indeed lead to these economic, social, and political outcomes if we do not shift into renewable energy sources. 8) Describe three environmental impacts of fossi l fuel production and consumption. Compare contrasting views regarding the environmental impacts of drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Burning crude oil adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere; this creates climate change and global warming. Another impact of fossil fuel production and consumption is when burning crude oil releases sulfur dioxide (ASS) and nitrogen oxides into our atmosphere, this creates industrial or photochemical smog and acid rain. Pollution is another problem to the environment, oil spills can contaminate plants and animals because crude oil is toxic which can lead to killing them along with destroying biodiversity. This does not only apply to animals, but to humans as well by putting us at a high risk for health problems, even cancer due to exposure since burning oil can cause irritation of eyes, throat and lungs. Ever since oil spills have occurred there have been different perspectives regarding the drilling for oil in NAIR. On one side, scientists are concerned about damage to habitats in the Alaskan wildlife, based on the results of previous experience and small-scale manipulative studies. On the other hand, scientists argue that drilling at NAIR would have title environmental impact because of new technology that would be sensitive to the environment. 9) Give an example of a clean coal technology. Now describe how carbon capture and storage is intended to work. Drying coal with high water content is an example of clean coal technology, this is a cleaner way of burning and we gain more power from coal through gasification, which is less pollutant. Clean coal technologies are able to remove chemical contaminants from power plant emissions. Carbon capture storage intends to prevent carbon dioxide from coal combustion to reach our air. It seizes carbon dioxide emissions, turns it from a gas to liquid form and then stores it in the ocean or underground. This method also prevents greenhouse gases from increasing and climate change. 10) Describe two main approaches to energy conservation and give a specific example of each. Converting to renewable energy sources is a big approach to energy conservation by spending money for new technology, so our renewable source of energy would be the only thing we need. This change would solve many problems of depletion, price values, international policies, and environmental consequences. Examples of renewable energy sources are electric cars, and electricity generated from wind or solar energy. These sources conserve our energy. Another approach is personal choice, to reduce a persons energy consumption in order to conserve energy. This can be done by driving less and instead using a bicycle, turn off electric generated appliances when they are not in use, regulating thermostat use, and using less energy appliances. This choice can save you money while conserving resources. SEEKING SOLUTIONS 2) Compare the effects of coal and oil consumption on the environment. Which process, our use of oil or use of oil, do you think has ultimately had greater environmental impact, and why? What steps could governments, industries, and individuals take to reduce environmental impacts? The consumption of coal affects the environment by destroying land and habitats, declined biodiversity and erosion. It produces acid rain and a ton of contaminants. When coal is mined the landslides of the earth are disrupted due to mountain top removal and miners are at a health risk to having black lung disease. Oil also affects the environment in a similar way through a recess called petroleum production, it is a form of mining that pumps oil and gas from underground to the surface which also disorganized landslides. Workers exposed to transporting and refining oil are also at risk for carcinogens. In my opinion think oil has a greater environmental impact because we have such a limited supply left in certain regions, that if we take more from that area such as NAIR we would destroy biodiversity and maybe pollute it through oil spills, therefore it puts that environment in a potential risk for being degraded. Steps that can be taken by governments, industries ND individuals that can reduce environmental impacts are by following a renewable energy act. It would teach us to conserve the energy that we have and not depend so much on fossil fuels, especially Oil and coal. 3) If the United States and other developed countries reduced dependence on foreign oil and on fossil fuels in general, do you think that their economies would benefit or suffer? Might your answer be different from the short term and the long term? What factors come into play in trying to make such a judgment? At the start of reducing dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels, heir economies would suffer because they have put their usage under a limited amount and there could be an economic depression through health problems, money and social disruption. This explains the short term side of it because this option is struggle from the beginning because of the change but on the long term of this, they would greatly benefit. It would be an introduction to a world of just renewable energy and conserved states of fossil fuels. Economic, social and political aspects take part into making this judgment. ) Contrast the differences of the Going people of Nigeria with hose of the citizens of Alaska. How have they been similar and different? Do you think businesses or governments should take steps to ensure that local people benefit from oil drilling operations? How could they do so? Alaskan withhold a better representation within their own state and country rather than the Going people in which the y dont have such a strong standing. They both have issues with oil companies that want to extract, transport and refine crude oil by all mean necessary because these companies believe it will do little impact to that environment. The Alaskan hold a representation in congress and have federal judicial courts to settle the oil drilling operations. However the Going people are sharing the same oil problems with neighboring people and have protested to oil companies about drilling crude oil on their land. Businesses and governments should take steps to ensure that local people benefit from oil drilling operations because that area is sacred to them but oppression on these people is not the way to go about it. Politics are involved, international laws should be established and their rights should be defied Ned.

Psychology Essay on Gender Differences

Psychology Essay on Gender Differences Free Online Research Papers Gender differences plague us at every point in life from jobs to sports to academics. Research has shown that their really is scientific reasons for these varying skills between males and females. Sports have always been an issue since the playground days of joking about how girls can’t do this or that and boys can. However, as we grow up we realize that this is far from the truth. There are clearly sports in which girls excel over boys and vice versa. For instance, girls naturally possess more strength in their lower bodies than boys and boys are the same way except with their upper bodies instead. This simple piece of information would lead me to believe that girls are better at sports that require more lower-body strength but that isn’t necessarily true. Most girls have tendencies to fear pain and be a â€Å"girly girl† which results in them staying away from contact sports such as football, rugby, or kick-boxing, all which use immense leg strength. Boys on the other hand have the tendency to try to outperform, take risks, as well as show off, especially within their peer group, when they compete in athletics. Boys also seem to be more physical and violent than most girls. All these factors cause the majority of males to participate in more dangerous and contact-driven sports. Of course, within these differences there are equalities and plenty of girls/boys who are better at the others’ stereo-typical sport. Just because boys are naturally more likely to act more dangerously than girls when choosing a sport won’t stop some of those females from beating them at their own game. If someone has the heart and the drive for something they want, that’s all they need to do it just as good as the next person. Research Papers on Psychology Essay on Gender DifferencesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesWhere Wild and West MeetThe Hockey GameThree Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic Engineering

Outsourcing, alliances, mergers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Outsourcing, alliances, mergers - Research Paper Example This follows into the older model of competitive advantage for organizations; mergers and acquisitions. The paper concludes by evaluating the economics of each mode and understanding its need for businesses in the international arena. The confusion around globalization makes it harder to concretely define the term itself. In many cases, it is the prominent catchphrase for describing the process of international economic integration’ (Scholte, 2005, 16). In the context of the argument presented in this paper, globalization is viewed as an amalgamation of liberalization, universalization and westernization. Hence, it could be defined as the process of removing restrictions on movements between countries, creating a synthesis of cultures and spreading experiences to people in all corners of the world (Scholte, 2005). The birth of trade can be traced back to the time of the barter system – entities trading goods with one another, each valuing the other’s item equivalent to their own by a certain numerical degree, i.e. 1 is to 1, or 1 is to 10. With time, as trade expanded to larger volumes, the basic concept of valuation remained embedded in certain form. Inter-industry trade, where one country tends to export one good and import a wholly different type of good, is dominantly explained by comparative advantage. Prior to this concept, Adam Smith in 1766 proposed the theory of absolute advantage for international trade, where a country exports products that are produced cheaply compared to trading partners, and imports products produced more expensively. Hence, each country would hold absolute advantage in a product over the other. David Ricardo in 1817 brought about a different insight claiming international trade depends on opportunity costs (prices of one good expressed in terms of amount of other good needed to forego in order to purchase it) (Tayeb, 2000). Like other classical political economists, Ricardo’s

A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble Research Paper

A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble - Research Paper Example .. 6. Brand Management at P&G†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7. Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Current Market Share†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9. Individual Product Branding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10. Extending the Product Life Cycle of Existing Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11. Summary/Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12. Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13. Personal Learning through the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Works Cited Appendices A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble 1. Purpose/Objective of Study The purpose of the research study is to examine the marketing prowess and strategies of the multi-national company Procter & Gamble (P&G), a business reporting $10.75 billion in net income in 2012. How Procter & Gamble is able to accomplish such significant revenues is likely attributable to not only the relevancy and sustainability of its products, but to its marketing prowess to gain consumer attention in multiple international and domestic markets. Th e objective of the study is to determine what aspects linked to marketing theory and practices contribute successfully to P&G’s capabilities to sustain its business longevity. 2. Executive Overview Research has identified that P&G is considerably competent in understanding how to market its products successfully to consumer segments with profit potential. Through a blend of psychographic segmentation and lifestyle-centric targeting and using quality-centric positioning tactics, the business is able to create a successful brand management strategy. Research has indicated that Procter & Gamble not only understands consumer behavior, but is able to translate this important knowledge successfully in its diverse portfolio of brands. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Procter & Gamble conduct further market research to gain a new perspective on the social condition for the contemporary buyer segments. 3. History and background of P&G Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Pr octer & Gamble was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble, a candle-making expert and soap producer in early America. By the time of the Civil War, P&G sales had topped $1 million. In today’s economy, adjusting for inflation between 1865 and 2012, this would be equivalent to $14.8 million (Friedman 1). During the Civil War, P&G was contracted to supply the Northern Army with much-needed candles and soap supplies, which provided P&G with much more visibility across the country. By 1911, Procter & Gamble could no longer sustain the high national demand for its products produced in Ohio, requiring development of new manufacturing and logistics centers across the country. Shortly thereafter, the business began producing Crisco which was a revolutionary food shortening product made from vegetable oil rather than the traditional method of using fats extracted from slaughtered animals. While P&G still continued to focus on household soap products, Procter & Gamble diver sified into foods production that drove much of its strategic focus through the 1970s. Procter & Gamble also began sponsoring radio programs with the advent of the consumer radio network, which coined the phrase

Junot Diaz Bio Essay Example for Free

Junot Diaz Bio Essay Lent DDS was born In the Dominican Republic and raised New Jersey. He Is a creative writing teacher at MIT and fiction editor at the Boston Review. He also serves on the board of advisers for the Freedom university, a Volunteer organization in Georgia that provides post-secondary instruction to undocumented immigrants. From what I have read I have gathered that he really had to rely on himself. Getting him through college working the Jobs where you have to do the dirty work, dishes, and pumping-gas. Supposedly Drown reflects Diazs strained relationship with his own father, with whom he no longer keeps in contact with. Diaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He was the third child in a family of five. Through most of his childhood he lived with his mother and grandparents while his father worked in the united States. Diaz emigrated to Parlin, New Jersey, in December of 1974, where he was able to reunite with his father. He lived close to what he considered one of the largest landfills in New Jersey. His short fiction has appeared In The New Yorker magazine, which listed him as one of the 20 top writers for the 21st He has also been published in Story, The Paris Review, and in the anthologies The Best American Short Stories four times (1996, 1997, 1999, 2000), The PEWO. Henry prize stones (2009), and African voices. He s best known for his two major works: the short story collection Drown (1996) and the novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007). 80th were published to critical acclaim and he won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the latter. Diaz himself has described his writing style as a disobedient child of New Jersey and the Dominican Republic If that can be possibly Imagined with way too much Diaz has received a Eugene McDermott Award, a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, a Lila Acheson Wallace Readers Digest Award, the 2002 PEN/Malamud Award, the 2003 us-Japan Creative Artist Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard university and the Rome Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was selected as one of the 39 most important Latin American writers under the age of 39 by the Bogota World Book Capital and the Hay Festival. [18] In September 2007, Miramax acquired the rights for a film adaptation of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. [19] The stories in Drown ocus on the teenage narrators impoverished, fatherless youth in the Dominican Republic and his struggle adapting to his new life in New Jersey. Reviews were generally strong but not without complaints. 20] Diaz read twice for PRIs This American Life

Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change :: Sunflower Sutra

Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change In both Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Sunflower Sutra† and Tom Waits’ â€Å"Small Change†, tragedy is the major premise for the sad and melancholy tone the authors share. In his poem, Ginsberg describes the fall of a mighty flower, the sunflower. Once a bright yellow beacon of life, it now is â€Å"broken like a battered crown.† Having been covered by the dirt and grime of industry, by human â€Å"ingenuity,† this sunflower is really representing a demise in humanity. Rather than choosing nature as a prime example for life, choosing the â€Å"perfect beauty of a sunflower,† we have chosen industry and technology, and have forgotten that we are flowers. Ginsberg berates the dust and grime which have rained down from the locomotives onto â€Å"my sunflower O my soul† and wonders â€Å"when did you forget you were a flower?† This poem really is not about a flower, but the tragedy of losing one’s inner beauty, the vivacity an d brightness which makes one shine. Thus Ginsberg delivers his â€Å"sermon of my soul† to whoever shall listen in hopes that we, unlike the sunflower, do not turn gray in despair and gloom but shine brightly among the soot of the world we live in (Ginsberg 36-37). Similarly to â€Å"Sunflower Sutra,â€Å" the lyrics from â€Å"Small Change† pose a tragedy, which, though more concrete of a scene, shares all the gloom and weariness of the gray sunflower. In a Ginsberg-esque lyrical style, Tom Waits’ rambles through his lyrics (his mind), posing vivid descriptions of the depths of life. His victim is not a flower, but someone by the name of â€Å"Small Change,† who, when killed by his own thirty-eight, gains the headstone of a â€Å"gumball machine† on the street. The real tragedy in this song lies in the first line of the third verse: â€Å"And no one’s gone over to close his eyes.† Though there is enough cruelty in the world to kill â€Å"Small Change† for a â€Å"fistful of dollars,† there is not enough kindness to shut his eyes to the cruelty which has slain him. Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change :: Sunflower Sutra Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change In both Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Sunflower Sutra† and Tom Waits’ â€Å"Small Change†, tragedy is the major premise for the sad and melancholy tone the authors share. In his poem, Ginsberg describes the fall of a mighty flower, the sunflower. Once a bright yellow beacon of life, it now is â€Å"broken like a battered crown.† Having been covered by the dirt and grime of industry, by human â€Å"ingenuity,† this sunflower is really representing a demise in humanity. Rather than choosing nature as a prime example for life, choosing the â€Å"perfect beauty of a sunflower,† we have chosen industry and technology, and have forgotten that we are flowers. Ginsberg berates the dust and grime which have rained down from the locomotives onto â€Å"my sunflower O my soul† and wonders â€Å"when did you forget you were a flower?† This poem really is not about a flower, but the tragedy of losing one’s inner beauty, the vivacity an d brightness which makes one shine. Thus Ginsberg delivers his â€Å"sermon of my soul† to whoever shall listen in hopes that we, unlike the sunflower, do not turn gray in despair and gloom but shine brightly among the soot of the world we live in (Ginsberg 36-37). Similarly to â€Å"Sunflower Sutra,â€Å" the lyrics from â€Å"Small Change† pose a tragedy, which, though more concrete of a scene, shares all the gloom and weariness of the gray sunflower. In a Ginsberg-esque lyrical style, Tom Waits’ rambles through his lyrics (his mind), posing vivid descriptions of the depths of life. His victim is not a flower, but someone by the name of â€Å"Small Change,† who, when killed by his own thirty-eight, gains the headstone of a â€Å"gumball machine† on the street. The real tragedy in this song lies in the first line of the third verse: â€Å"And no one’s gone over to close his eyes.† Though there is enough cruelty in the world to kill â€Å"Small Change† for a â€Å"fistful of dollars,† there is not enough kindness to shut his eyes to the cruelty which has slain him.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying in Foreign Universities

During this era, students who have completed their secondary studies may want to further their studies in local universities or foreign universities. The students may either find a job after leaving their school or further their studies in university. Some of the well to do students may opt for foreign universities. But there are advantages and disadvantages while students pursuing their studies in foreign universities.The advantage of pursuing studies in foreign universities is, they have better exposure and wider knowledge. Foreign universities are prestigious and reputable. They hired experienced lectures to teach the students, resulting the students improved tremendously, as the students will understand the topic easily. The university has a big and cozy school compound for students to release their stress. They are also providing with complete facilities for students such as well equip library, research center, free wi-fi spot and many more for students to access. Students will be able to do their project or assignment while using these facilities.The other advantage of pursuing studies in universities is they can acquaint new friends from other parts of the world. Students will have to leave their beloved parents and friends when they head to overseas. However, universities will organize some social activities to allow the new intakes to meet their new friends before they start their semester. The new intakes will be able to find their new friends here during orientation through hobbies and common interest. If the students have depended on their family members at home to do their daily chores, he or she will have to seek their friends when they are abroad.Last but not least, the crucial advantage of pursuing studies in foreign universities is to be self- independent that is once students leave their cozy home, there will be no one to wash up their clothes, tidy up their messy room, prepare and cook delicious meal and no one to greet them good morning nor good night. Therefore, students have to manage things, make decision and do all their housework by themselves.Besides the advantages, there are also disadvantages. The disadvantage is that their parents have to pay an expensive fee in order for them to complete their education abroad. Some the students may come from a medium family and has the opportunity to pursue their studies in foreign universities but they faced financial constraint to pay for their school fees. This forced them to get part time jobs in order pay their own fees. It will be tough for them as they have to rush to the working place after their studies. Some of them just gave up and they packed their bags and headed back to their own country due to financial problem. However, they are still some of them who studied hard while struggling with the fees problem, as they trusted there is always a rainbow waiting for them after the rainstorm.The next disadvantage is students may be homesick. They may feel lost when they are new in the unfamiliar city. They will feel anxiety if they cannot adapt to it. This may cause students to lost their initial aims, their fighting spirit and they start fleeing to places to escape from the reality such as pubs. This is will ruin their education if they cannot extract themselves from that negative emotion. In conclusion, everything has its pros and cons in it where there is always advantages and disadvantages of pursuing studies in a foreign universities and one may excel if one work hard despite far away from home.